基于GIS的“一带一路”地区气温插值方法比较研究     

杨艳昭  郎婷婷  张超  贾琨 《地球信息科学学报》2020,22(4):867-876

“一带一路”倡议是新时期中国为加强对外开放提出的全球化合作倡议,资源环境的优化配置对全球化发展意义重大。气温作为重要的基础数据和输入要素,对其进行空间化处理是实现大尺度区域资源环境优化配置的前提。本文基于地理信息技术（GIS）,运用距离平方反比法（IDS）、协同克里格法（CK）、回归距离平方反比法（RIDS）和回归协同克里格法（RCK）,对“一带一路”地区1980—2017年的2679个气象站点的月平均气温和年平均气温数据进行插值,获得了“一带一路”地区10 km分辨率的气温空间分布数据。交叉验证结果表明：① IDS、CK、RIDS和RCK插值法在整体上均较好地展示了“一带一路”地区气温的地理空间分布规律,4种插值方法的月均气温的均方根误差分别在1.93~2.43、1.78~2.14、1.31~2.23和1.23~1.92 ℃之间;年均气温的均方根误差分别为1.94、1.83、1.37和1.27 ℃;② 在“一带一路”地区,加入协变量分析的CK插值精度整体优于IDS,并且削弱了IDS的极值现象;③ RIDS和RCK对年均气温的插值精度分别较IDS和CK提高了29.4%和30.6%,表明加入地理要素并进行残差修正的插值精度得到了进一步提高。总体来看,RCK插值法对气温数据的插值精度最高,可以考虑将此方法作为“一带一路”地区温度等气象要素的插值方法。  相似文献   

Determination of Radiogenic 87Sr/86Sr and Stable δ88/86SrSRM987 Isotope Values of Thirteen Mineral,Vegetal and Animal Reference Materials by DS‐TIMS     

Jean‐Michel Brazier  Anne‐Dsire Schmitt  Eric Pelt  Damien Lemarchand  Sophie Gangloff  Tho Tacail  Vincent Balter 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2020,44(2):331-348

This work presents new ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr and δ^88/86Sr_SRM987 isotopic values of thirteen mineral, vegetal and animal reference materials. Except for UB‐N, all our results are consistent with previously published data. Our results highlight intermediate precisions among the best presently published and a non‐significant systematic shift with the calculated δ^88/86Sr_SRM987 mean values for the three most analysed reference materials in the literature (i.e., IAPSO, BCR‐2 and JCp‐1). By comparison with the literature and between two distinct digestions, a significant bias of δ^88/86Sr_SRM987 values was highlighted for two reference materials (UB‐N and GS‐N). It has also been shown that digestion protocols (nitric and multi‐acid) have a moderate impact on the δ^88/86Sr_SRM987 isotopic values for the Jls‐1 reference materials suggesting that a nitric acid digestion of carbonate can be used without significant bias from partial digestion of non‐carbonate impurities. Different δ^88/86Sr_SRM987 values were measured after two independent Sr/matrix separations, according to the same protocol, for a fat‐rich organic reference material (BCR‐380R) and have been related to a potential post‐digestion heterogeneity. Finally, the δ^88/86Sr_SRM987 value differences measured between animal‐vegetal and between coral‐seawater reference materials agree with the previously published results, highlighting an Sr isotopic fractionation along the trophic chain and during carbonate precipitation.  相似文献   

云南哀牢山-红河剪切带新生代富碱侵入岩中榍石年代学和地球化学特征     

马倩  杨岳衡  赵志丹  佟鑫  武精凯  苗壮  李晨  雷杭山 《岩石学报》2020,36(9):2751-2764

榍石作为副矿物在哀牢山-红河剪切带新生代富碱侵入岩中广泛存在。原位获取榍石矿物内部微量元素、U-Pb年龄和Sm-Nd同位素的空间变化对获取矿物和岩石的成因演化信息具有重要意义。本文使用四级杆/多接收电感耦合等离子体质谱(Quadrupole/Multi-Collector Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry,Q/MC-ICP-MS)与激光剥蚀系统(Laser Ablation,LA)联用,对哀牢山-红河剪切带5个富碱侵入岩体(桃花岩体、宁蒗-永胜岩体、哈播岩体、铜厂岩体和十里村岩体)中榍石开展了微区原位微量元素、U-Pb年代学和Sm-Nd同位素研究。微量元素分析结果表明,三江富碱侵入岩中榍石为岩浆成因,亏损Rb、Ba、Pb、Sr等大离子亲石元素,富集Th、U、Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf等高场强元素。榍石的稀土配分图均表现为明显右倾,不具有或具有弱的Eu负异常。与云南北衙、马厂箐矽卡岩矿床中的热液榍石相比,本文榍石在稀土元素组成上,具有较高的稀土元素总量、较高的Th/U、LREE/HREE和Ce/Ce*比值,具有较低的Eu/Eu*、Nb/Ta、Zr/Hf比值。微区原位LA-Q-ICP-MS U-Pb定年结果表明,研究区富碱岩体中榍石结晶年龄在32.5～37.9Ma之间,代表了岩体形成时代,与三江地区哀牢山-红河剪切带及其附近新生代富碱岩浆活动高峰期(～35Ma)一致,属于青藏高原晚碰撞期岩浆作用的产物。榍石微区原位LA-MCICP-MS Sm-Nd同位素分析结果显示,榍石颗粒的Nd同位素组成均一,表明榍石结晶过程中寄主岩浆的Nd同位素组成没有发生明显变化。各个富碱岩体之间的榍石Nd同位素组成变化范围在-6.8～-2.1之间,与全岩的同位素特征一致,表明榍石的原位微区Sm-Nd同位素可以作为富碱侵入岩研究中有效的示踪手段之一。  相似文献   

长白山天池火山天文峰期黄色浮岩成因研究     

潘波  程滔  徐丹  刘松军 《岩石学报》2020,36(7):2067-2080

长白山天池火口北侧天文峰之上,一套醒目的黄色浮岩引起广泛的关注,其颜色成因问题更是讨论的热点。本文通过野外地质调查、显微形貌和地球化学分析等方法,探索了黄色浮岩的颜色成因问题,并对此次喷发活动(天文峰期喷发)有了更进一步的认识。黄色浮岩与其下部灰白色浮岩应为同一期喷发所形成,两者成分一致且特征相似。黄色浮岩初始颜色为灰白色,后期受所处环境(降水丰富)与本身气孔特征的影响,浮岩内发生了元素析出和元素沉淀的过程。首先,浮岩内Si与H2O结合形成弱硅酸(H2Si O3),而大气中CO2与H2O结合形成弱碳酸(H2CO3),在弱酸环境下火山玻璃逐渐析出Si、K、Al、Ca和Fe等阳离子,而析出的元素易溶于水的部分被流水带走,难溶于水的Fe与Al富集并粘附在火山玻璃壁上,同时由于Fe可与H2O络合形成黄色的Fe的水合物(Fe2O3·n H2O),而Al与H2O络合形成凝胶状白色水合物(Al2O3·n H2O),两者混合形成了黄色胶状物粘附在火山玻璃壁上,改变了浮岩原本的灰白色,形成了黄色浮岩。因此,天文峰期浮岩的黄色是由于后期风化淋滤作用所造成,属于次生色。本研究提高了对火山喷发堆积物风化淋滤作用过程的认识,也为其他地区相似颜色变化问题的讨论提供了借鉴。  相似文献   

Main active faults and seismic activity along the Yangtze River Economic Belt: Based on remote sensing geological survey     

《China Geology》2020,3(2):314-338

The Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB) spans three terrain steps in China and features diverse topography that is characterized by significant differences in geological structure and present-day crustal deformation. Active faults and seismic activity are important geological factors for the planning and development of the YREB. In this paper, the spatial distribution and activity of 165 active faults that exist along the YREB have been compiled from previous findings, using both remote-sensing data and geological survey results. The crustal stability of seven particularly noteworthy typical active fault zones and their potential effects on the crustal stability of the urban agglomerations are analyzed. The main active fault zones in the western YREB, together with the neighboring regional active faults, make up an arc fault block region comprising primarily of Sichuan-Yunnan and a “Sichuan-Yunnan arc rotational-shear active tectonic system” strong deformation region that features rotation, shear and extensional deformation. The active faults in the central-eastern YREB, with seven NE-NNE and seven NW-NWW active faults (the “7-longitudinal, 7-horizontal” pattern), macroscopically make up a “chessboard tectonic system” medium-weak deformation region in the geomechanical tectonic system. They are also the main geological constraints for the crustal stability of the YREB.  相似文献   

Local meteoric water lines describe extratropical precipitation     

Devin F. Smith  Elsa Saelens  Deborah L. Leslie  Anne E. Carey 《水文研究》2021,35(2):e14059

Stable water isotopes δ¹⁸O and δ²H are used to investigate precipitation trends and storm dynamics to advance knowledge of precipitation patterns in a warming world. Herein, δ¹⁸O and δ²H were used to determine the relationship between extratropical cyclonic precipitation and local meteoric water lines (LMWLs) in the eastern Ohio Valley and the eastern United States. Precipitation volume weighted and unweighted central Ohio LMWLs, created with samples collected during 2012–2018, showed that temperature had the greatest effect on precipitation isotopic composition. HYSPLIT back trajectory modelling showed that precipitation was primarily derived from a mid-continental moisture source. Remnants of major hurricanes were collected as extratropical precipitation during the 2012–2018 sampling period in central Ohio. Extratropical precipitation samples were not significantly different from the samples that created the central Ohio LMWL. Six additional LMWLs were derived from United States Geological Survey (USGS) Atmospheric Integrated Research Monitoring Network (AIRMoN) samples collected in Pennsylvania, Delaware, Tennessee, Vermont, New Hampshire, and Oxford, Ohio. Meteoric water lines describing published samples from Superstorm Sandy, plotted with these AIRMoN LMWLs, showed isotopic composition of Superstorm Sandy precipitation was commonly more depleted than the average isotopic composition at the mid-latitude locations. Meteoric water lines describing the Superstorm Sandy precipitation were not significantly different in slope from LMWLs generated within 300 km of the USGS AIRMoN site. This finding, which was observed across the eastern Ohio Valley and eastern United States, demonstrated a consistent precipitation δ²H–δ¹⁸O relationship for extratropical cyclonic and non-cyclonic events. This work also facilitates the analysis of storm development based on the relationship between extratropical event signature and the LMWL. Analysis of extratropical precipitation in relation to LMWLs along storm tracks allows for stronger development of precipitation models and understanding of which climatic and atmospheric factors determine the isotopic composition of precipitation.  相似文献   

利用重复测线校正海空重力仪格值及试验验证   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

黄谟涛  刘敏  邓凯亮  欧阳永忠  陆秀平  翟国君  吴太旗  陈欣 《地球物理学报》2018,61(8):3160-3169

通过分析海空重力测量系统误差的形成机理，我们发现海空重力仪格值标定误差是引起系统性测量偏差的主要因素之一.本文简要介绍了重力仪格值的标定方法，分析论证了格值标定的精度要求，提出了利用东西正反向重复测线检测校正海空重力仪格值的计算模型和补偿方法，分析讨论了该方法的校正精度及其适用条件，利用航空重力实际观测网数据对该方法的合理性和有效性进行了数值验证，证明该方法对消除海空重力测量系统性偏差具有显著作用.  相似文献   

文莱-沙巴盆地深水褶皱冲断带构造变形特征及成因机制          下载免费PDF全文

唐武  赵志刚  张功成  谢晓军  刘世翔  王一博  宋双  王龙  孙瑞  郭佳 《地球物理学报》2018,61(10):4281-4295

为揭示活动陆缘深水褶皱冲断带的特征及成因，本文利用地震和区域地质资料的综合分析，系统阐述了文莱—沙巴盆地深水褶皱冲断带的构造变形特征，并结合盆地演化动力学特点，探讨其构造变形机制及其对深水区油气成藏的影响.研究结果表明，文莱—沙巴盆地深水褶皱冲断带具有"垂向分期、平面分段"的特点，垂向上，以中中新统底界面为界可划分为下部（始新世-早中新世）和上部（中中新世-现今）两套逆冲褶皱冲断体系，其中下部逆冲褶皱冲断带的形成与古南海的俯冲作用密切相关，上部逆冲褶皱冲断带是中中新世以来三角洲前缘重力滑动与苏禄海扩张造成的区域挤压应力远程效应共同作用的结果，且苏禄海扩张造成的远程挤压效应主控平面上南北段褶皱冲断带变形的差异性，导致北段褶皱变形强度大于南段，具有背斜褶皱数量多、褶皱间距离短、逆冲断层倾角陡的特点，南段反之；且晚上新世以来北段深水区地层缩短量大于陆架区伸展量，两者之差为2~6 km，而南段两者相当，仅受三角洲前缘重力滑动影响.整个褶皱冲断带发育断弯、断展、断滑褶皱等3种断层相关褶皱以及叠瓦扇和冲起构造2种逆冲构造组合，是多期NW向挤压应力作用下形成的大型逆冲推覆构造，以前展式向盆地扩展.此外，由于中中新世以来逆冲断层的持续活动，研究区深水褶皱冲断带发育众多构造圈闭，油气成藏条件优越，且南段优于北段，靠近陆坡的近端优于远端，可作为勘探部署重点.  相似文献   

The effects of initial soil moisture conditions on swale flow hydrographs          下载免费PDF全文

Hendrik Rujner  Günther Leonhardt  Jiri Marsalek  Anna‐Maria Perttu  Maria Viklander 《水文研究》2018,32(5):644-654

The effects of soil water content (SWC) on the formation of run‐off in grass swales draining into a storm sewer system were studied in two 30‐m test swales with trapezoidal cross sections. Swale 1 was built in a loamy fine‐sand soil, on a slope of 1.5%, and Swale 2 was built in a sandy loam soil, on a slope of 0.7%. In experimental runs, the swales were irrigated with 2 flow rates reproducing run‐off from block rainfalls with intensities approximately corresponding to 2‐month and 3‐year events. Run‐off experiments were conducted for initial SWC (SWC_ini) ranging from 0.18 to 0.43 m³/m³. For low SWC_ini, the run‐off volume was greatly reduced by up to 82%, but at high SWC_ini, the volume reduction was as low as 15%. The relative swale flow volume reductions decreased with increasing SWC_ini and, for the conditions studied, indicated a transition of the dominating swale functions from run‐off dissipation to conveyance. Run‐off flow peaks were reduced proportionally to the flow volume reductions, in the range from 4% to 55%. The swale outflow hydrograph lag times varied from 5 to 15 min, with the high values corresponding to low SWC_ini. Analysis of swale inflow/outflow hydrographs for high SWC_ini allowed estimations of the saturated hydraulic conductivities as 3.27 and 4.84 cm/hr in Swales 1 and 2, respectively. Such estimates differed from averages (N = 9) of double‐ring infiltrometer measurements (9.41 and 1.78 cm/hr). Irregularities in swale bottom slopes created bottom surface depression storage of 0.35 and 0.61 m³ for Swales 1 and 2, respectively, and functioned similarly as check berms contributing to run‐off attenuation. The experimental findings offer implications for drainage swale planning and design: (a) SWC_ini strongly affect swale functioning in run‐off dissipation and conveyance during the early phase of run‐off, which is particularly important for design storms and their antecedent moisture conditions, and (b) concerning the longevity of swale operation, Swale 1 remains fully functional even after almost 60 years of operation, as judged from its attractive appearance, good infiltration rates (3.27 cm/hr), and high flow capacity.  相似文献   

Study on the Moment Magnitude of Small and Moderate Earthquakes Located in the Inner Mongolia Region     

Liu Fang  Zhang Fan  Li Bin  Na Re 《中国地震研究》2018,32(1):53-63

Based on digital seismic waveform data from Inner Mongolia Digital Seismic Network, the source spectrum parameters of 182 small and moderate earthquakes from January, 2009 to September, 2016 are derived, and the seismic moment M₀ and moment magnitude M_W of the earthquakes are calculated. The M_L-M_W relationship and the relationship between stress drop and magnitude are obtained using the linear regression method. It is clear that incorporating the moment magnitude into the seismic quick report catalog and the official earthquake catalog can enrich earthquake observation report content, thus providing better service for earthquake emergency and earthquake scientific research.  相似文献